Why everyone (else) is a hypocrite (Robert Kurzban)

Why Everyone (Else) Is a Hypocrite: Evolution and the Modular Mind by Robert Kurzban.
Robert Kurzban is a student of the “modular mind” theory of John Tooby & Leda Cosmides.

The modular mind

“The human mind consists of many, many mental processes – think of them as little programming subroutines, or maybe individual iPhone applications – each operating by its own logic, designed by the inexorable process of natural selection”

“the mind consists of many different parts. These parts often “believe” different, mutually inconsistent things. Sometimes this is obvious, as illustrated in case of brain damage and optical illusions. Other cases are less obvious, but no less interesting.”

“the different bits of our brain have functions. Just as some of our mind’s subroutines are for seeing, some for processing language, and some for controlling muscles, […] choosing mates, […] making friends, and – one subject I currently study – some with morally condemning others for doing things.”

With the concept of the modular mind, human irrationality, ignorance and self deception cease to be a confusing riddle.

“This book is about contradictions. […] It’s about how you can, and one at the same time, want the government to leave people alone as long as they’re not hurting anyone and also very much want the government to interfere with people’s lives even when they’re not hurting anyone.”

Evolutionary Psychology Primer & Reading List

The usefulness of being wrong and ignorant

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Evolutionary Psychology Primer & Reading List

Evolutionary psychology is essential to understand human behavior and the human mind. Evolution gives ultimate , not proximate explanations.

In ethology, the study of animal behavior, causation can be considered in terms of these two mechanisms.

  • Proximate causation: Explanation of an animal’s behavior based on trigger stimuli and internal mechanisms.
  • Ultimate causation: Explanation of an animal’s behavior based on the principles of evolution. The ultimate causation requires that the behavioral and physical traits are genetically heritable, and explains behavior by correlating behavioral traits to mechanisms that favor evolutionary development, such as natural selection.

 

Why are men more unfaithful and promiscuous then women?

  • ultimate explanation: A woman can only have one offspring every few years. No matter with how many men she has sex. So she can only influence the genetic quality of her offspring, and try to find a good father, a good caretaker. A promiscuous man can have an unlimited number of offspring, the world record being many hundreds. So more partners gets more offspring for men. And thus the genes for promiscuity in men spread faster then the genes for faithfulness.
  • proximate explanation: testosterone, culture, ….

 

Literature on Evolution

  1. Evolutionary Psychology Primer by Leda Cosmides and John Tooby
  2. Evolutionary Psychology and the Emotions
  3. The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture
  4. Human Behavior and Evolution Society
  5. Evolution and Human Behavior
  6. Human Behavior Research in Vienna
  7. The Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science

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